When choosing a electric motor for an application, a primary consideration is the speed range it will be operated in. When a motor is run substantially slower than its ranked base speed, a number of potential adverse effects may come into play, including reduced cooling efficiency, reduced power effectiveness and a alter in the motor’s quickness and torque characteristics. To mitigate this issue, some motors and rate controllers have already been designed especially to drive lots at low speeds with precise control.
Most domestic and industrial motor applications use 3-phase asynchronous induction motors, which operate at a speed that is determined by the frequency of the supply power. When a credit card applicatoin operates at a constant speed, the only thing that is needed may be a gearbox or swiftness reducer that brings the motor speed down to the required level. However, many applications require the acceleration of the motor to be varied during operation.
This is usually achieved utilizing a VFD or Variable Frequency Drive, which controls the speed by modifying the frequency fed to the motor. Deciding on the best engine and VFD type depends on a number of factors, however, it is necessary to first look at how the characteristics of a motor change when the swiftness is reduced.
A motor usually includes a base speed, specified by the manufacturer, that it is definitely made to operate at. Nevertheless, if a electric motor is managed below the base speed, it may experience reduced effectiveness of the cooling system. Especially with frequently used Totally Enclosed Enthusiast Cooled (TEFC) and ODP (Open Drip Proof) motors, where in fact the cooling program consists primarily of a shaft-mounted fan, a decrease in speed outcomes in decreased airflow over the engine and lack of cooling, and warmth buildup occurs. Especially when the electric motor is operated with complete torque at low 
speeds, heat can easily build up within the motor to harmful levels.
Gearboxes and speed reducers are mechanical acceleration reduction equipment found in automation control systems.
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