As an example, consider a person riding a bicycle, with the person acting like the motor. If see your face tries to ride that bike up a steep hill in a gear that’s created for low rpm, he or she will struggle as
they attempt to maintain their stability and achieve an rpm that will allow them to climb the hill. However, if indeed they shift the bike’s gears into a rate that will create a higher rpm, the rider could have
a much easier time of it. A continuous force could be applied with clean rotation being supplied. The same logic applies for industrial applications that want lower speeds while maintaining necessary
torque.
• Inertia matching. Today’s servo motors are producing more torque in accordance with frame size. That’s due to dense copper windings, light-weight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they are trying to move. Utilizing a gearhead to better match the inertia of the motor to the inertia of the load allows for using a smaller engine and results in a far more responsive system that is easier to tune. Again, this is accomplished through the gearhead’s ratio, where the reflected inertia of the load to the engine is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia is the measure of an object’s level of resistance to improve in its motion and its own function of the object’s mass and form. The higher an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the object. This implies that when the strain inertia is much bigger than the engine inertia, sometimes it can cause excessive overshoot or boost settling times. Both circumstances can decrease production line 
throughput.
However, when the electric motor inertia is larger than the load inertia, the engine will need more power than is otherwise necessary for this application. This raises costs since it requires paying more for a motor that’s larger than necessary, and because the increased power usage requires higher operating costs. The solution is by using a gearhead to match the inertia of the engine to the inertia of the load.
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